What rock is this???

What does sterling brown mean when he mentions the chain gang a.) brown is referring to people in general, who are chained in their minds. b.) brown is referring to slaves in chains c.) brown is referring to gangs in the ghetto chained to their crimes and poverty d.) brown is referring to men perhaps prisoners singing/chanting while working.

Which work would represent a change to the artistic medium of this original work?

In the conclusion of the radio broadcast war of the worlds, orson welles: