1. In this address, Lincoln is addressing: (a) America on the brink of the Civil War.
(b) America at the end of the Civil War.
(c) An America far enough into the war to have felt its toll.
(d) the Confederates.
(e) the slaves.

2. Lincoln attempts to persuade his audience that:
(a) the war should continue until the Confederacy surrenders.
(b) the war must end now.
(c) the slaves should be set free.
(d) the war has benefited the economy.
(e) the Confederates are on the verge of surrender.

3. Lincoln establishes his ethos by:
(a) taking responsibility for the war.
(b) quoting from famous philosophers.
(c) arousing his audience’s anger.
(d) portraying himself as a humble servant of God’s will.
(e) criticizing slaveholders.

4. "It may seem strange, that any man would dare ask God’s assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men’s faces" is an example of:
(a) ethos.
(b) pathos.
(c) logos.
(d) ad hoc fallacy.
(e) argument.

5. In the speech as a whole, Lincoln attacks slavery:
(a) not at all.
(b) but indicates that God, not he, is the proper judge of slavery.
(c) fiercely.
(d) only while condemning slaves as well as slavery.
(e) while mentioning the virtues of Confederate supporters.

6. Lincoln argues that the sufferings of the South are:
(a) tragic, and ought to be ended.
(b) greater than the sufferings of the North.
(c) the result of God’s justice.
(d) less than the suffering of their slaves.
(e) at an end.

7. In general, Lincoln uses diction and cadences similar to:
(a) a legal contract.
(b) a political debate.
(c) a drama.
(d) an elegy.
(e) the Bible.

8. The state of mind Lincoln attempts to create in his audience is one of:
(a) horror about the tragedies of war.
(b) anger toward the Confederates.
(c) a renewed belief in the war’s cause, and inspiration to press on until the end.
(d) a solemn reminiscence about the deaths caused by the war.
(e) a desire to end the war.