Can someone help please

The author attributes papa's unforgivable behavior to which of the following? a. the painful memories connected with his 9-month ordeal in south dakota b. papa's increasing addiction to alcohol c. papa's unfulfilled need to be in charge of something and/or someone d. mama's emotional distance from papa

The greatest gift the sumerians gave the world was the invention of writing. the sumerians were wealthy people. they needed some way to keep track of what they owned. they began drawing pictures. they used a reed as a pen. they drew on soft pieces of clay. the soft clay was then dried in the sun. the tablet became a permanent record. later, the sumerian drawings changed into wedge-shaped symbols. this kind of writing is called cuneiform. by putting symbols together, the sumerians could write entire sentences.

Identify the participle or infinitive phrase in the sentence below