All of the following statements about plagiarism are true, except: a. It is only considered plagiarism if you intentionally use someone else’s work without giving credit to the original author. b. It is not only dishonest and unethical, it is also illegal. c. It can be academically damaging, causing you to fail the assignment or even the course. d. It is very important to take careful notes and cite all of your sources.

i think the literacy device is "it's frozen head"

beowulf is filled with alliterations, caesuras, and kennings intended both to give the epic a musical, rhythmic quality and to assist the bard performing the epic in remembering the lines. just as the lyrics to our favorite songs are easier to remember than a context-free list of names or census data, poetic devices like those listed above stick in the bard's mind.

it is not known if beowulf was chanted, sung, or recited more like a modern day poem, but the poetic devices evident in the epic almost certainly had their origin in memorization and oral recitation.