1. read this excerpt from John Muir’s diary. Muir loved nature, which he explored often. As you read, consider Muir’s tone toward the topic, a cave he discovered in Kentucky. "Came to the region of caves. At the mouth of the first I discovered, I was surprised to find ferns which belonged to the coolest nooks of Wisconsin and northward, but soon observed that each cave rim has a zone of climate peculiar to itself, and it is always cool. This cave had an opening about ten feet in diameter, and twenty-five feet perpendicular depth. A strong cold wind issued from it and I could hear the sounds of running water. A long pole was set against its walls as if intended for a ladder, but in some places it was slippery and smooth as a mast and would test the climbing powers of a monkey. The walls and rim of this natural reservoir were finely carved and flowered."
What tone does Muir have toward the cave he finds?
sadness
curiosity
alarm
boredom

Consider the text from "machu picchu: a city in the sky” and its central idea. informational text: every year, thousands of tourists come to peru to see machu picchu. to reach machu picchu, tourists can hike along the famous inca trail. the trail covers twenty-six miles. it winds through beautiful mountains, forests, and jungle. visitors can also take a bus or train ride up to the ruins. the train takes you past miles of farmland along the urubamba river valley. above are the andes mountains. the tops of the mountains are often covered with mist. then, the train goes up a mountain on a winding road. the road climbs almost 1,640 feet. other incan ruins can be seen beside the road. most are very small compared to the city ahead. central idea: tourists enjoy visiting machu picchu in the mountains of peru. what supporting detail is most important to include in a summary of this text? people can hike the inca trail or take a train or bus to reach machu picchu. when people travel to machu picchu, they see miles of surrounding farms. people are surprised by the mist on the peaks of the andes mountains. when people visit machu picchu, they sometimes see other smaller ruins.