The History of Football Football, called soccer in North America, is one of the most popular sports in the world. It's quite natural that a sport this well loved has a place in the history of many cultures. China, Central America, Japan and Europe all have records of ball games played thousands of years ago.

The game with which most people are familiar developed in England. The early version of football was much more rugged than the game you see today. Entire villages played against each other. People kicked a ball through the town and across fields. A game could last for days and hundreds of people could join in.

Sailors brought football with them to other countries, including the United States. Football caught on slowly in the United States. In the early 1800s, colleges formed teams. Teams ran into problems because different schools played by different rules.

Then in 1863, the London Football Association created official rules for football. That same year, both England and the United States adopted the rules.

As football grew in popularity, tournaments between countries began to be held. The most popular tournament is the World Cup. The first World Cup tournament was held in 1930. Football fans are known for their passion and dedication, and the World Cup has a huge following.

3

Click on the best summary of the passage.

A.

The History of Football

The football (or soccer) that most people play today came from England. Sailors brought football with them to other countries. The London Football Association established soccer's official rules. Today, the World Cup is the most popular football tournament.

B.

The History of Football

At first, football (or soccer) did not have a set of standard rules. Different schools played by different rules. The rules needed to become standardized. In 1863, the London Football Association established football's official rules.

C.

The History of Football

Football (or soccer) is a popular sport. Different cultures have been playing ball games for thousands of years. China, Central America, Japan and Europe all have records of ball games. England had an early version of football.

the maximum speed limit is 55 mph on a two-lane undivided highway and for vehicles towing trailers.

what: when quoting a source, use the author’s words verbatim, or word-for-word. this means you shouldn’t change any grammar, punctuation, spelling, etc. put quotations around the words to tell your reader where the quote begins and where it ends.

you also need to acknowledge the author. for example, if using mla format for your research paper, you should have in-text citations with the author’s name and page number listed at the end of each quote.

when: use quotations to provide concrete examples to support your claims. using direct quotations is a great way to build your credibility on the subject. it’s also a good idea to quote your source when the author states things in a powerful way. if you think he or she said it best, then use the exact words to share the ideas.

example: in the short story “a jury of her peers”, mrs. hale compares mrs. wright to her caged bird, saying “she—come to think of it, she was kind of like a bird herself. real sweet and pretty, but kind of timid and—fluttery. how—she—did—change” (glaspell).

paraphrasing

what: paraphrasing differs from quoting because you restate the passage in your own words. since you don’t use the author’s words, you don’t need to use quotation marks. however, you still need to acknowledge the author for his or her ideas.

when paraphrasing a text, you should communicate the full meaning of the text; don’t change the meaning. it can be a condensed version of the text, or it could end up being longer than the source it’s paraphrasing.

when: you use paraphrasing when you take notes, or explain a chart or diagram to someone. paraphrasing highlight the important parts of a larger text. it also allows you to simplify the ideas for your readers.

example:

original: “it was no ordinary thing that called her away–it was probably further from ordinary than anything that had ever happened in dickson county. but what her eye took in was that her kitchen was in no shape for leaving: her bread all ready for mixing, half the flour sifted and half unsifted” (glaspell).

paraphrase: as mrs. hales walks around mrs. wright’s home, she notices that the kitchen is in disarray as if she was in the middle of baking bread (glaspell).

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