**What is at stake for democracy - both in the United States and around the world - when a president refuses to participate in a peaceful transfer of power?

essence of respecting a fair and transparent election is put into test.

Explanation:

The peaceful transfer of power is an important element of a democracy. It is through this process new leaders and representatives are elected for the control and protection of the government and its citizens.

However, when a president refuses to participate in a peaceful transfer of power, it puts democracy at stake. The essence of respecting a fair and transparent election is put into test and all the commitments made by the people and election commission is disregarded when peaceful transfer of power does not take place.

A president who does not respect this process nor concedes to defeat exhibits his poor democratic values towards the government. Being the first citizen of a country, a president who does not respect the process and decision of a democracy relays a message of how fragile democracy is. Infact, it indicates democracy as a loosely constructed organisation whose powers and decisions can be manipulated by anyone.

a, b, and c are all correct.