From Sicily, trading ships loaded with infected flea-bearing rats carried the Black Death to ports on the mainland of Italy. What conditions in these medieval cities provided the spread of the Black Death.

The Black Death.

Explanation:

The Black Death report first recorded at Messina, in Sicily in 1347. The plague continued for three years and killed one-third of all the people in Europe. It began to spread in Europe through the trade route that connected the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea. The Medieval cities with the trading connection, effected by the epidemic as it was the centre of ports where ships arrived with infected rats. Many deaths occurred in the trading city-states, which were in the coastal region.

either a donut or a sphere or a pancake or a flat sphere. it depends on where the vertical line is.

if the line goes through the center of the circle and is perpendicular to a diameter containing the center, then you get a flat circle.

if the line and the diameter of a the circle meet in the center of the diameter and at an angle, you get a pancake.

if the line is on the circumference of the circle and is at right angles   to the circle you get a ring.

if the line contains the diameter, you get a sphere.

the the line is parallel to the diameter and touches the circumference, you get a donut.