Ridge Valley Middle School's test scores have risen steadily over the
past three years. All our teachers and students deserve
congratulations for their hard work, but I want to extend a special
thank-you to Lynne Martin, who joined our school as a custodian three
years ago. Lynne's hard work has meant that students always have
sparkling, well-stocked classrooms to learn in. More importantly, she
has gotten students involved in taking care of the school building - an
effort that has paid off in unexpected ways. We on the staff have seen
that, thanks to Lynne's encouragement, students now have more
motivation, responsibility, and pride in the school than ever before. As
we celebrate our school's improvement, let's give Lynne a special
round of applause.
Which statement best describes how text structure contributes to the
development of ideas in this passage?

A. The cause-and-effect structure emphasizes the fact that hard work is responsible for improved test scores.

B. The chronological structure allows the reader to understand the methods a custodian can use to make a significant impact on a middle school.

C. The cause-and-effect structure points out how a school custodian's efforts have contributed to student success.

D. The chronological structure highlights the steps needed to improve a school's performance.

A. The cause-and-effect structure emphasizes the fact that hard work is responsible for improved test scores.

A. The cause-and-effect structure emphasizes the fact that hard work is responsible for improved test scores

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1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)