Scribes generally used the hieratic form when they were writing on papyrus and hieroglyphs when they were carving inscriptions in plaster or limestone. Later, in about 700 B. C., hieratic writing was simplified further and became the form known as demotic. It was in demotic, of course, that one of the passages on the Rosetta Stone was carved. —The Riddle of the Rosetta Stone,
James Cross Giblin

Choose the best meaning for the word "hieratic” as it is used in the passage.

having lots of style
having to do with priests
a form of cursive writing
very formal

it is natural to stand at the beginning of a research project and feel overwhelmed by the amount of published research that exists in databases, literature reviews, and reference pages. at the same time, each new research project brings the hope of discovering something new. overwhelming though a project may be, starting at the foothills of a new thread of research is a great privilege, and is best approached as an opportunity to learn rather than a drudgery. as a researcher/writer, you have the chance to dive more deeply into less frequently encountered pools of knowledge.

depending on the topic or scope of your research, it is also natural to spend many days and weeks - and in some cases months and years - searching. no matter how great or small the scope of research is, the serious researcher needs to reserve adequate time to perform a thorough survey of published articles. for an undergraduate course project, finding five or six sources might seem like plenty of material to review, but graduate-level writing projects typically involve up to 20 sources minimum.

note that the main point here is not to say that it is only the number of research articles matters most, but rather that having a broad spectrum of papers to choose from you choose your topic for at least the following two reasons: 1) a larger pool of sources provides you with a broader perspective of the topics within your scope of research and 2) along the way you will find many topics within your field that you do not want to write about! so, one particularly effective way of viewing research is not finding the absolute minimum sources to "get by", but rather to find a variety of sources that you can an artist uses negative space to "carve" shapes out of a dark guide you toward topics that are more directly relevant to your topic.

the good news is that as you research you may find that some of your sources that were published in the same decade or so will cite and reference each other.

one of the joys and privileges of research is being able to follow your curiosity; if you are truly curious about your topic, and authentically driven to find out as much as you can, then even the articles you don't find interesting will be useful for a future project, and no energy will be wasted.

the two answers are

get thee back into the tempest and the night's plutonian shore

on the pallid bust of pallas just above my chamber door

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)