Read the passage below and answer the question. ..and in the fourteenth [fifteenth] century the whole English army, after ravaging the kingdom of France, was
driven back like men petrified with fear, and this brave exploit was performed by a few broken forces
collected and headed by a woman, Joan of Arc.
Why does Paine most likely refer to Joan of Arc?
to demonstrate how cowardly the British army can be
to prove that the British army had been defeated in the past
to enlist the aid of the French government in the fight against Britain
to show that the Americans have God on their side just as Joan of Arc did

Dream variations by langston hughes analysisand “the tropics in new york” by claude mckay both depict a longing for another place. what are the places and what do they represent?

To meet the needs of commuters in the industrial age, city planners implemented the use of phonographs. provided more horses and carriages. borrowed technology from railroads. constructed new telephone lines.

Armed with invisible ink, a cipher system, and a passion to end the war and preserve the union, elizabeth van lew became butler's eyes and ears in the confederate capital city. truth be told, however, she became much more than that. she became a spymaster, the person responsible for running a network of agents, couriers, and safe houses that was very active during the war. in addition to the spying, elizabeth van lew continued to maintain her church hill home as a safe house and something of a local union spy headquarters. —the dark game, paul janeczko what is the central idea of this passage? van lew’s home was used as a safe house, which was critical to the confederacy. van lew had a passion to end the war and preserve the union. van lew was a spymaster, a leading force in the espionage activities for the union. van lew did not enjoy working for general butler.