Difference between affect and effect?

In describing jimmy wells as the truest, most loyal fellow, what tone is conveyed

"such has been the patient suffrence of these colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to after their former systems of government. the history of the present king of great britain is a history of reapeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishedment of an absolute tyranny over these states." which statement best describes the excerpt

During an experiment measuring the change in temperature of a chemical reaction your digital thermometer breaks. you have the same model thermometer available to use how do you proceed with the experiment a. continue on with the new thermometer b. begin the experiment again with the new thermometer c. calibrate the new thermometer and make a notation regarding the change in equipment d. calibrate the new thermometer and begin the experiment again