In a scientific argument, reasoning is the thinking you use to connect ideas and evidence to your claim. Sometimes, the same evidence can be used to support two different, opposing claims. When this happens, it is often the reasoning that is different for each argument. Read the evidence and claims in the Reasoning Tool below, then think about how the same evidence can be used to support different claims by using different reasoning for each example.

Recall that critical thinking is an active mode of thinking. Instead of just receiving messages and accepting them as is, we consider what they are saying. We ask if messages are well-supported. We determine if their logic is sound or slightly flawed. In other words, we act on the messages before we take action based on them. When we enact critical thinking on a message, we engage a variety of skills including: listening, analysis, evaluation, inference and interpretation or explanation, and self-regulation[2]

Next, we will examine each of these skills and their role in critical thinking in greater detail. As you read through the explanation of and examples for each skill, think about how it works in conjunction with the others. It’s important to note that while our discussion of the skills is presented in a linear manner, in practice our use of each skill is not so straightforward. We may exercise different skills simultaneously or jump forward and backward.

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●intensive purposes is the correct answer

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