What is atmosphere in literature? the attitude of a text toward the subject and theme
the emotional response a text generates from a reader
the author's opinion of the subject and the audience
the narrator's perspective in relation to the characters

B. the emotional response a text generates from a reader

Explanation:

Basically, the author creates the atmosphere in literature using description. Atmosphere helps readers to experience the story more vividly and realistically. Readers might connect more deeply to the story since these description allows them to experience the same things as the characters. Becoming more involved with the story brings emotional response from the reader making the reading experience more complete and compelling.

just took the test;

argument: "it's time to wage a war against britain to secure american freedom."

claims: "america has tried every peaceful method available for seperating from england" & "the americans' petitions to the king have been turned away by him."

his tongue, i believe, was bloody and hanging out of his mouth.

he looked as if he were hungry.

he has several wolf-like qualities; a gray coat, sharp claws and yellow fangs.

those eyes made me feel, dear reader, like the end was near.

as i reached for a stick, he moved to the other side of the hill.

panting and hungry, he looked at me, a defenseless human and he snarled.

well i said my prayers, however, he simply turned and limped off.