What is an effective way writers may create surprise for readers of a narrative?

It was extremely base of him to desert you in your time of need. ( change into exclamatory sentence)

How does the allusion to icarus support the author’s tone ? a)it makes it clear that earhart,like icarus ,fell to her death .b)it emphasizes earhart’s failure in spite of her ambition.c)it stresses that the author views earhart’s fate as a mystery.d)it shows that the author sees earhart as a kind of legend can someone

How might a reader find tables charts or graphs useful