What figure of speech is used in this line from walt whitman's poem "i hear america singing"? i hear america singing, the varied carols i hear

What’s the difference between extract and abstract as nouns and verbs?

1. a poem that tells a story irony 2. taking on human characteristics narrative 3. a direct comparison between two things personification 4. words that are opposite the thoughts in a speaker's mind simile 5. implied comparison introduced with "as" and "like idiom 6. one's own manner of speaking metaphor

Which two sentences in this excerpt from leo tolstoy's the death of ivan ilyich reflect the author's belief that russia's rising middle class was unable to express genuine emotion?