What is earth which statement best identifies one of the central ideas of text

  here u go

Explanation:

8 essential elements

These are the essential elements of climate action the leaders needed to commit to at COP21 in Paris

2 degrees

Governments must put into practice their commitment to limit global warming to below 2°C, the maximum warming limit before we risk dangerous climate change.

1 trillion tonnes

The remaining global carbon budget – the limit for what the carbon dioxide we can still emit in the future - must be well below 1 trillion tons (1000 Gt CO2) to have a reasonable chance to hold the 2°C line.

Zero emissions by 2050

Deep decarbonization starting immediately and leading to a zero-carbon society by 2050 or shortly thereafter is key to future prosperity.

193 countries

All 193 countries need to develop deep decarbonization plans. Rich countries and progressive industries can and should take the lead and decarbonize well before mid-century.

100% clean energy

We must unleash a wave of climate innovation for the global good, and enable universal access to the technology solutions we already have.

Support for adaptation, loss and damage measures

Climate change is already happening. We need a massive increase in support for adaptation and loss and damage measures in developing countries.

Safeguard ecosystems

Safeguarding carbon sinks and vital ecosystems, is as important for climate protection as the reduction of emissions.

$100+ billion of climate finance

Governments need to provide additional support to developing countries to deal with climate change at a level at least comparable to current global development aid (around 135 billion USD p.a.).

in the shadow of war

the central idea is basically saying that juveniles that have committed a crime will not have the same consequences as the   adults that have. they will have a softer punishment than what the adults have that is harsh in some ways.