Read the excerpt from Chapter 1 of Wheels of Change . Sometime between May and November, 1876, Colonel Albert Augustus Pope took a trip that changed American life forever. It didn't happen overnight. But this one sojourn, to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, from Pope's home near Boston, Massachusetts, was the first step in a chain of events that ultimately led to the rise of the bicycle, the fall of the horse, the paving of America's roadways, the dawn of modern advertising, and the development of the automobile. Equally important, it helped American women gain increased independence, better health, freedom from restrictive clothing, and eventually, the right to vote.

This paragraph primarily describes the
a. short-term effects of Colonel Pope’s manufacturing of bicycles.
b. long-term effects of improved clothing for women in America.
c. long-term effects of Colonel Pope’s visit to Philadelphia.
d. short-term effects of the rise of automobiles and the fall of horses.