Read the excerpt from The Code Book. Although traffic analysis, tempest attacks, viruses and Trojan horses are all useful techniques for gathering information, cryptanalysts realize that their real goal is to find a way of cracking the RSA cipher, the cornerstone of modern encryption. The RSA cipher is used to protect the most important military, diplomatic, commercial and criminal communications—exactly the messages that intelligence gathering organizations want to decipher. If they are to challenge strong RSA encryption, cryptanalysts will need to make a major theoretical or technological breakthrough. What is the central idea of this paragraph? The Trojan horse technique is most effective in data gathering. The RSA cipher secures much of the world’s important information. Information gathering will fail without new technology development. Breaking RSA code is the greatest challenge for cryptanalysts.

English testmatch ! match the definition to the term. 1 . adjective phrase a verb form (which may end in -ing ) used as an adjective 2 . phrase a verb form used as another part of speech 3 . restrictive clause a verb form ending in -ing used as a noun 4 . verb phrase group of words without a subject and verb used as single part of speech 5 . gerund phrase verb form preceded by to that is used as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb 6 . participle phrase beginning with a preposition 7 . verbal prepositional phrase modifying a noun or pronoun 8 . adverb phrase participle with complements and modifiers 9 . coordinating conjunction verb ending in -ing used with a verb 10 . gerund prepositional phrase modifying a verb, adjective, or adverb 11 . prepositional phrase a conjunction that joins words or groups of words of equal rank 12 . infinitive an adjective clause that is essential to the meaning of the sentence 13 . participial phrase a verbal form ending in -ing with its object and modifiers used as a noun

The brother of a presidential candidate writes an editorial in which he defends this candidate against charges of corruption. in such a circumstance, it is most appropriate for the reader to a) suspect that the candidate may have been framed. b) consider whether the candidate has the best family or not. c) wonder if the writer may be biased, due to his family connection. d) wonder if the writer may be inaccurate, due to wanting to get people to read his column. \

M read the sentence.what best describes the underlined part of the sentence,and why? alma plans to visit london and paris, where her parentswent on their first trip together as a married couple.it is a restrictive relative clause because it begins with arelative pronoun, has both a subject and a verb, and is notnecessary to the meaning of the sentence.it is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it begins witha relative pronoun, has both a subject and a verb, and isnecessary to the meaning of the sentence.it is a restrictive relative clause because it begins with arelative pronoun, has both a subject and a verb, and isnecessary to the meaning of the sentence.it is a nonrestrictive relative clause because it begins witha relative pronoun, has both a subject and a verb, and isnot necessary to the meaning of the sentence.