What are some of the common elements a writer use to reveal information about a character

Which character in this excerpt is in conflict with society, and why? joe summers is in conflict with society because he is joking with the villagers. old man warner is in conflict with society because he believes that young folks have crazy ideas. mrs. adams is in conflict with society because she says some villages have stopped holding lotteries. mr. adams is in conflict with society because he is standing with the villager who represents society's old ways.

What type of persuasive appeal seeks to show that an argument is correct or valid

Is expression of words or ideas opposed to what is literally meant or expected called.