Programmes the government implemented to stop the spread of the corona virus

Which of these can an adverbial clause modify?

Which method of characterization does the author use to the reader get to know mrs. allison? actions appearance dialogue thoughts

Which event is an example of a hortatory, or encouraging, technique? a. a hefty fine issued for driving more than 10 miles per hour over the speed limit b. a government program that provides citizens with new job-training opportunities c. a tax imposed on people who buy motorboats with large, loud engines d. a sign in a restaurant that states “think before you smoke—secondhand smoke kills” e. a tax credit that citizens purchase electric or hybrid vehicles