How does an author create a surprise ending? Not story specific.

Well what you do is if people think that the ending is gonna end in a certin way change it and when people read the ending they will be shocked! Also sometimes making a hook at the end of your story will leave people wanting to know what happens next and then when the secound book comes out they will wanna read it.

Explanation:

brutus overlooks that the majority of the crowd served julius caesar the military general. he appeals to their citizenship as romans by calling them first by that name in his salutation: "romans, countrymen, lovers." mark antony, however, speaks in terms understood by the military, by calling them first by, "friends, romans, countrymen." he recalls not only caesar the general but caesar the friend, whose body they see covered with stab wounds.

you need need more details so we can understand what your asking us.