Review of U. S. Human Space Flight: Introduction By the U. S. Human Space Flight Review Committee

The nation is facing important decisions on the future of human space flight. Will we leave low-Earth orbit? Will we explore the solar system in search of a path for expansion of civilization into space? If so, how will we ensure that our exploration benefits the nation? Can we explore with the assurance of human safety? Can the nation gather the resources for the mission?

First, space exploration has become a global enterprise. Many nations have goals for space. NASA's budget is roughly equal to the combined annual budgets of space programs in the rest of the world. If the United States is willing to lead a global program of exploration, major accomplishments could follow. Actively working with international partners could strengthen political relationships and enhance the exploration effort.

Second, there is now a growing commercial space industry. If we craft a space program that provides commercial opportunities, costs to the government would potentially be reduced. If the financial impact is still too high, then benefit could still be found even after lowering initial goals.

Can we explore with the assurance of human safety? Human space travel has many benefits. However, it is very dangerous. Human safety can never be absolutely assured. But safety should be treated as first priority.

How will we explore to deliver the greatest benefit to the nation? Planning for a human space flight program should begin with a choice about its goals rather than a choice of possible destinations. Extended space flight may drive innovation, develop commercial industries and important national capabilities, and contribute to further exploration. It should also expand scientific knowledge.

Exploration provides an opportunity to engage and lead international partners to space, to inspire the next generation of scientists and engineers, and to shape our place in the universe. The Committee concludes that the ultimate goal of human exploration is to chart a path for human expansion into the solar system. This is an ambitious goal, but one worthy of U. S. leadership in concert with a broad range of international partners.

In the "Review of U. S. Human Space Flight," which line from the text supports the committee's position on human space flight?

A. Actively working with international partners could strengthen political relationships

B. If the financial impact is still too high, then benefit could still be found

C. Planning for a human space flight program should begin with a choice about its goals

D. The ultimate goal of human exploration is to chart a path for human expansion