Critical news literacy requires applying the four D's of journalism: doubt, discern, demand and ...

Detect

Explanation:

To be a journalist, there are four D's on which the journalist bases his thoughts. These four D's also motivate them to act, achieve success and prosper in their field. These four D's are;

1. Doubt: This implies that the journalist is meant to question every piece of information. He does not just accept them hook, line, and sinker, rather, he makes the effort to probe further to get to the root of matters.

2. Discern: This means that they have to think critically to obtain a fair balance. This implies that the journalist reasons objectively on matters, not with his emotions. He also makes the effort to determine which version of a story is more accurate, and then reports that.

3. Demand: This  is the ability of the journalist to request freedom of speech and seamless communication for the citizens, as well as a high quality of service delivery and content in the job they do with fellow colleagues.

4. Detect: This is the journalists 'nose for news'. Because they want to know the truth, they hunt down sources of news to get information from them. They assemble the bits so as to get a clearer picture.

Critical news literacy requires applying the four D's of journalism: doubt, discern, demand, and detect.

Explanation:

a) Doubt: News at it happens should be approached with professional skepticism.  The journalist should question everything.  This questioning attitude, including in what you believe personally, helps the journalist not to be tricked.

b) Discern: Critical thinking ensures objectivity, balanced reporting, and fairness to all.  It is the journalist's duty to be objective, seeing the world as it is and how she wants the world to be.  The journalist must also be fair to all by including all viewpoints.  Balanced reporting ensures that accuracy of the two sides to an issue is discerned so that motives could be discerned with expert opinions.

c) Demand: A journalist makes demands, even from himself.  The most important demand is the freedom of speech and free flow of information.  The activities of elected representatives should be subject to public scrutiny.  When they hold meetings, the public must be informed of the agenda, venue, and proceedings.  There are also ethical demands which avoid plagiarism, slander, and subjectivity in reporting.

d) Detect:  The journalist should relentlessly pursue the truth.  It is only the truth that sets one free.  Without truth, there is no freedom.  All assertions in news should be subjected to thorough verification by the journalist.   Questions should be crafted to dig deep.  Investigations must be carried out so that the truth is laid bare.  Everything covered must be uncovered.

appeal to ethos is your answer.

answer: c

explanation: