1) When Orwell (the author) writes that "Starvation seemed to stare them in the face," what is he talking about? Give two reasons that this happened. What literary device is he using to make his point here?

The excerpt comes from "Animal Farm", a work in which Orwell uses a farm ruled by animals to make an analogy of the Soviet Union under Stalin's rule.

The phrase is telling us that the characters (the animals who are under the rule of the pigs) are about to starve to death, and that death by starvation is like a ghost that is staring at them in the face, reminding them of such fact.

The literary devices used are allegory, because an abstract idea, is explained in a more concrete way.

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recent news about two years ago indicates that a polish forestry student by chance unearthed at a depth of about 40cm (16 inches), during digging in a damp polish forest he found a 13-page manuscript into a thermos flask.

greek jew marcel nadjari was a aischwitz slave who witnessed how the nazi's built big death chambers and crematoriums and told how he was forced to escort fellow jews to the gas chambers. he accounts on this manuscript how the nazi's disguised this chambers to look like showers. also, he describes this place as a process of extermination from the chambers to the trains arriving to take the bodies.