To which author does the endnote direct the reader?

In this excerpt from "dover beach" by matthew arnold, which two lines or sets of lines suggest that the speaker has undergone a loss of faith? the sea of faith was once, too, at the full, and round earth's shore lay like the folds of a bright girdle furled. but now i only hear its melancholy, long, withdrawing roar, retreating, to the breath of the night-wind, down the vast edges drear and naked shingles of the world. ah, love, let us be true to one another! for the world, which seems to lie before us like a land of dreams, so various, so beautiful, so new, hath really neither joy, nor love, nor light, nor certitude, nor peace, nor for pain; and we are here as on a darkling plain swept with confused alarms of struggle and flight, where ignorant armies clash by night.

“unlike my opponent, i propose freedom from crime, freedom from poverty, and freedom from unemployment “ what rhetorical approach is the speaker most likely to be talking in this sentence? a. the speaker wants the audience to question the meaning of freedom and redifine it. b. the speaker wants the structure of this sentence to stand out in the listeners minds. c. the speaker wants to anticipate and address w counter-argument from his or her opponent. d. the speaker wants to transition into a topic that is largely unrelated to previous topics.

And his eyes have all the seeming of a demons that is dreaming which of these poetic devices is used here?