Is action driven/influenced by fear and why

Action is most definitely influenced by fear!

Explanation:

During a period of fear, are body goes through a process called Fight or Flight. This basically makes our body shut down the organs that are not essential for a stressful circumstance. This is why you have so much energy during periods of heightened fear, this is called adrenaline. When your in this mode, your actions are done quite a lot quicker, and less logically, because your not thinking clearly.

d bc i just guessed

i believe it is the first choice (1.)

because the major theme is(“both the wild and civilization have rules.”)

and also as u said,( based on what buck learns within the call of the wild, "both the wild and civilization have rules".this is true of humans within society as well.