By 18 january 2016, member states shall notify to
the commission the list of professions for which a prior
check of qualifications is necessary under article 7(4).

sometimes i get confused when it comes to "by" and a date..
does this mean that "the member states shall notify to the commission the list before 18 january 2016", or "starting from 18 january 2016", like, "after 18 january 2016"? in advance..

Read the excerpt below and answer the question. she dwelt among the untrodden ways beside the springs of dove, a maid whom there were none to praise and very few to love: a violet by a mossy stone half hidden from the eye! --fair as a star, when only one is shining in the sky. she lived unknown, and few could know when lucy ceased to be; but she is in her grave, and, oh, the difference to me! (wordsworth, “she dwelt among the untrodden ways”) which option explains a meaning implied by the use of the adjective untrodden in the excerpt? the maid was lost in the woods. the maid lived in a rural setting. the maid was a nature spirit. the maid suffered a life without joy.

Analyze the central conflict and its in a story to discover the theme. resolution protagonist antagonist character

(1) fire extended humans’ geographical boundaries by allowing them to travel into regions that were previously too cold to explore. (2) it also kept predators away, allowing early humans to sleep securely. (3) fire, in fact, has been a significant factor in human development and progress in many ways. (4) other obvious benefits of fire are its uses in cooking and in hunting. (5) probably even more important, however, is that learning to control fire allowed people to change the very rhythm of their lives. (6) before fire, the human daily cycle coincided with the rising and setting of the sun. (7) with fire, though, humans gained time to think and talk about the day’s events and to prepare strategies for coping with tomorrow. the sentence that expresses the main idea is: (type the number of the sentence. then click “go.”)