This is a clause having a subject and a verb that relates to something else in the sentence.

The type of clause described in the question is a Relative Clause.

Explanation:

A relative clause is a group of words having a subject and a verb that relates to something else in a sentence by describing, adding further information, or modifying that “something else.” Thus, a relative clause functions as an adjective, that is, it modifies a noun. This type of clause should always be part of a sentence because it does not express a complete thought on its own.

Here's an example of a sentence with a relative clause (underlined):

The board games that I borrowed are not in excellent condition.

“that I borrowed” is a relative clause because it modifies and relates to the noun “the board games” and it has a subject, which it's the relative pronoun “that”, and a verb, which it's “borrowed.”

the correct answer is the first option "the bolkshevik revolution". the passage makes reference to many of important events that occured in the revolution, such as the assemblies, in this case the animals are gathered in an assembly after a protest, the murder of fellow partners, the speeches given by the leader of the revolution, among other aspects. the last choice is possible, but in this passage in particular it is not emphasized the fight between the characters, that is the two pigs, that represent lenin and stallin.

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