Why does Sachar include this information in the flashback?
O
to show that Elya has nothing to do with the bad luck
Stanley is experiencing
to show that Stanley needs to find Madame Zeroni in
order to lift the curse
to show that the Yelnats' curse is tied to Elya's betrayal of
Madame Zeroni
to show that Elya's bad luck caused his wife to leave him
for another man
O
O

How does this excerpt develop the central idea that espionage during the civil war was often carried out by untrained citizens? it enhances the reader’s understanding by explaining why training was unnecessary. it changes the reader’s perception of what information a spy was able to obtain. it explains an ordinary person’s motivation for conducting espionage against the enemy. it adds moral complexity to espionage, due to the use of secret and dangerous methods.