In "first confession", grandmother's gift of a penny to nora most likely indicates that:
1.) she is stingy and mean-hearted.
2.) the story takes place many years ago.
3.) the family is experiencing difficult times.
4.) nora put her finger above a candle.

In a debate focused specifically on the topic of whether new laws are needed to prevent distracted driving, the following argument is made. which type of special appeal does it demonstrate? “my opponent is correct—distracted driving is very dangerous. many activities—texting, talking on the phone, looking at maps, eating breakfast—all of these contribute to accidents. yes, we have statistics to support that. however, my opponent is totally ignoring the role that improper and inconsistent maintenance of your vehicle can also have in causing accidents! ” a. false analogy b. red herring c. bandwagon d. fallacy of argument from ignorance