Empathy leads to compassion, which is one of the main motivators of altruism. Another, less flattering motivator of altruism is fear. In this case, altruism is an ego defence, a form of sublimation in which a person copes with his problems and anxieties by stepping outside himself and helping others.

so whats the question?

common stockholders usually have the right to vote on major issues affecting the company, like mergers and liquidation of the corporation's assets. they also have part ownership of the company which can then be traded on a secondary market (the stock exchange).

explanation:

it can make them lose love for themselves

you stated "which of the following" but i don't see anything else