To avoid confusion from a misplaced modifier, a participial phrase should be placed a. at the beginning of the sentence. b. at the end of the sentence. c. next to the noun it describes. d. next to the verb it describes.

C). Next to the noun describes.

Explanation:

A misplaced modifier is described as the error in which a phrase, word, or clause is separated abruptly from the noun it is modifying and creates confusion or ridiculous effect that misleads the meaning of the sentence.

As per the question, to avoid such confusion it is advised to place the participial phrase 'right next to or prior to the noun it describes' as it helps in clarifying the meaning of the sentence to the reader appropriately without any awkwardness or confusion. For example:

'Removing her glasses, Tina rushed to save her Phone from getting into the water'.

'Ron, the owner of ABC Ltd., has started a new venture to help the poor and needy.'

The underlined phrases rightly modify the nouns 'Tina, and 'Ron' without misleading the audience. Thus, option C is the correct answer.

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