Read the following excerpt from franklin delano roosevelt’s speech, the great arsenal of democracy, 1940.
the nazis have justified such actions by various pious frauds. one of these frauds is the claim that they are occupying a nation for the purpose of "restoring order." another is that they are occupying or controlling a nation on the excuse that they are "protecting it" against the aggression of somebody else. for example, germany has said that she was occupying belgium to save the belgians from the british. would she then hesitate to say to any south american country: "we are occupying you to protect you from aggression by the united states"? belgium today is being used as an invasion base against britain, now fighting for its life. and any south american country, in nazi hands, would always constitute a jumping off place for german attack on any one of the other republics of this hemisphere.
use context clues or a dictionary to select the best definition for use of frauds.
a person who is a sham or a poseur
a forthright direct attack
an instance of deception, trickery or deceit
a copy meant to look like the original

Match each excerpt with the type of essay it represents. descriptive essay narrative essay expository essay persuasive essay essay excerpt type of essay when hal arrives at the pond, a bleak sight greets him as he discovers the surface of the skating pond is layered with snow. realizing he is facing a monumental task, he industriously begins to shovel the mounds of new snow from the frozen pond. lifting shovelful after shovelful of heavy wet snow, hal tirelessly works. while he works, he dreams of his brilliant future as a magnificent hockey star. soon a massive pile of glistening snow begins to appear on the bank, and the icy surface of the pond is smooth glass. hal’s back and arms ache as he eagerly exchanges his work boots for an old, worn pair of hockey skates. arrowright potter's lake used to be the nicest lake in the area. but these days the water is green with algae, and the lake is choked with weeds all summer long. as a result, people can no longer swim in it. experts have determined the cause of the problem.fertilizers from yards and farms have been running into the lake. they cause algae and weeds to grow out of control. they also kill birds and fish. arrowright a hard, gray mountain loomed over a serene, florescent-blue lake, which gently lapped at its granite base. miles above the lake, a trio of mountain peaks jutted into the sky. each seemed to be topped with a chilled scoop of vanilla ice cream. as a cold and distant sun crept over the peaks, the lake and valley below instantly became suffused with blue light, which seemed to touch everything but warm nothing. morning had arrived. arrowright since 1897, the population of the bachman's warbler in north carolina has decreased from more than 500,000 to fewer than 100. the main reason is the destruction of areas (like asbury woodlands) that the bird uses for its natural breeding grounds. bachman's warblers prefer thickly wooded swamps and wet thickets in heavy, full-grown forests. it’s there that they can build their nests and feed on insects. this fact does not mean that we cannot build a community theater. we simply must not build it in asbury woodlands. after all, our community has forever prided itself on caring for our natural surroundings. with the council’s and the support of our townspeople, future generations will be able to continue to appreciate the beauty of this little bird

Which inference can a reader make based on the information in the excerpt?

Me determine which are quote or paraphrase.