1.
part a: which statement identifies the central idea of the text?
while teenagers understand the consequences of their actions, they haven't yet
developed the empathy that allows them to feel for other people.
rehabilitation works for teenagers who commit minor crimes, but more serious
crimes should still be punished to the full extent of the law.
the teenage brain is not fully developed and can cause teenagers to commit
crimes without fully considering the consequences.
it is extremely important that juvenile offenders are rehabilitated, as violent
teenagers are more likely to become violent adults.

The last statement of the text "It is extremely important that juvenile offenders are rehabilitated, as violent  teenagers are more likely to become violent adults" presents the central idea.

Explanation:

The central or main idea of a paragraph states the purpose of the paragraph and sets the direction of the paragraph or passage. It is normally but not necessarily at the start of the paragraph.

In this specific passage, it is the last statement to prove which, all earlier statements, propositions and inferences are made. Hence it is the central idea of the paragraph.

well stockyards mean a large yard containing pens and sheds, typically adjacent to a slaughterhouse, in which livestock is kept and sorted. and i'm assuming that by party you   mean a large group of people which does make sense because chicago is a very crowded place much like new york. stockyards tend to take up a lot of room due to needing the area for pens to keep animals in and the fact that stockyards are usually right by slaughterhouse where they process and distribute the product. so its much like a zoo but with some dead animal products close by.