In the second verse, the songwriter writes, "bitter the chast'ning rod." look at the context of the word chast'ning, (a short form of "chastening") and the use of the word rod. how does the context of the line in which the word appears you understand its meaning? what does the songwriter mean by a chast'ning rod? how does this choice of words in the song to develop a reader or listener's empathy for the people being described?