Ad hominem
false analogy
false dilemma
red herring
excerpt
logical
fallacy
our current mayor has been in politics for over 25 years. it is time
that we have a younger mayor, so we can have fresh ideas to make our city better.
it is true that the city council did approve a tax for a new road
construction project. however, our city needs to attract more businesses to stabilize
our economy
increasing our city's debt to improve our roads is better than
letting all our cars be destroyed because of all the pot holes.
drwing to work instead of using public transportation is like not
eating everything on your plate. it wastes valuable resources.

Consider the text from "machu picchu: a city in the sky” and its central idea. informational text: every year, thousands of tourists come to peru to see machu picchu. to reach machu picchu, tourists can hike along the famous inca trail. the trail covers twenty-six miles. it winds through beautiful mountains, forests, and jungle. visitors can also take a bus or train ride up to the ruins. the train takes you past miles of farmland along the urubamba river valley. above are the andes mountains. the tops of the mountains are often covered with mist. then, the train goes up a mountain on a winding road. the road climbs almost 1,640 feet. other incan ruins can be seen beside the road. most are very small compared to the city ahead. central idea: tourists enjoy visiting machu picchu in the mountains of peru. what supporting detail is most important to include in a summary of this text? people can hike the inca trail or take a train or bus to reach machu picchu. when people travel to machu picchu, they see miles of surrounding farms. people are surprised by the mist on the peaks of the andes mountains. when people visit machu picchu, they sometimes see other smaller ruins.