read the passage.

(1) william shakespeare was born in 1564 in stratford-upon-avon. (2) it is a town in england. (3) he is believed to have attended the king’s new school there from age seven to age fourteen. (4) teachers were strict in shakespeare’s day. (5) the school day was long. (6) in the summer, school started at 6 a. m. (7) school did not end until 5 p. m. (8) in the winter, the school day was an hour or two shorter. (9) at age nine, students began learning latin. (10) it was the language of international affairs. (11) in school, students spoke latin. (12) teachers also spoke latin. (13) students caught speaking english in school were punished.
which is the most effective way to combine sentences (1) and (2)?

william shakespeare was born in 1564 in stratford-upon-avon it is a town in england.

william shakespeare was born in 1564 in stratford-upon-avon, a town in england.

william shakespeare, born in 1564 in stratford-upon-avon, a town in england.

william shakespeare was born in 1564 in stratford-upon-avon, and it is a town in england.

Read the passage from chapter 17 of the prince. and of all princes, it is impossible for the new prince to avoid the imputation of cruelty, owing to new states being full of dangers. hence virgil, through the mouth of dido, excuses the inhumanity of her reign owing to its being new, saying: "res dura, et regni novitas me talia cogunt moliri, et late fines custode tueri."(*) nevertheless he ought to be slow to believe and to act, nor should he himself show fear, but proceed in a temperate manner with prudence and humanity, so that too much confidence may not make him incautious and too much distrust render him intolerable. . against my will, my fate a throne unsettled, and an infant state, bid me defend my realms with all my pow'rs, and guard with these severities my shores. what reasoning does machiavelli use in this passage? machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by first introducing the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with evidence. machiavelli uses deductive reasoning by starting with statistical evidence and then concluding that rulers must be cruel. machiavelli uses inductive reasoning by first presenting an observed pattern of details and then concluding that new rulers must be cruel. machiavelli uses inductive reasoning by starting with the conclusion that new rulers must be cruel and then supporting it with short narratives.