Why is this statement considered a theme and not a plot summary

Which statement state a claim? check all that apply. (1) the driver education programs are often to sophomore’s at local high schools. (2) students should have a vision test before they can operate motor vehicles. (3) driving classes should i head instruction about the dangers of texting and driving. (4) mr. graber is the behind-the-wheel instructor at our high school. (5) behind-the-wheel courses ought to include driving time on local highways.

Read this paragraph from a cause-and-effect essay. upwelling and el niño in normal years, the trade winds cause colder, nutrient-rich waters to rise to the ocean surface. this process is called “upwelling,” and it causes small fish called plankton to multiply. which rubric term or phrase would apply to the phrase “trade winds”? a. effect b. elaboration of a cause or effect c. transition between a cause and an effect d. cause

What does wiesel use here to develop his claims?