During a test, zoe's teacher tells him and his classmates that if she catches them cheating, she would give them poor grades. hence, zoe refuses to cheat during the test though his classmates cheat when the teacher steps outside the room. in the context of kohlberg's stages of moral development, zoe is at the of moral development in this scenario.
a) punishment and obedience stage
b) law and order stage
c) instrumental exchange stage
d) "good boy, nice girl" stage

punishment and obedience stage

Explanation:

This is the stage where the individual fears the concequences of their action and because of that fear they will do anything in their power to avoid such action.

For a child in this stage they don't do somethings not because they understand that it is wrong action which should not be done but it is mostly because they fear the consequences of that action .

Zoe would probably like to cheat in order to get good marks however because now she knows the result of cheating will be bad on her , she is then doing all that is in her power to avoid cheating .

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)