How does the author's use of flashback affect the story?
it generates uncertainty by forcing the narrator and her parents to doubt what they remember about great-aunt gertrude.
it adds tension by making the narrator and her relatives uncertain about exactly what they are going to find in slovakia.
it results in a more intimate story by revealing the narrator's innermost thoughts and feelings.
it ensures clarity by providing all necessary background information in the opening paragraphs.

It ensures clarity by providing all necessary background information in the opening paragraphs.

Explanation:

Flashbacks can be used for a variety of reasons, in this case the author adds them in order to facilitate things for the reader, so the reader can understand better the motivations and feelings of the protagonist by having pieces of his memories and adding background information in the opening paragraphs.

bildungsroman describes a coming-of-age story.

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1.creeping like a snail is a simile used in this poem and it means the child is going to school unwillingly./a child is unwilling to go to school.

2. man becomes very frail and loses his physical strength when he becomes old, so much that his leggings that used to fit him snugly when he was in his youth are now too loose for him to wear, and that his shank has shrunk so much that this worldly stage is too big for a feeble actor like him. although, 'his youthful hose' just refers to his leggings/pants/ to shrink from danger; to shrink from contact.

3.the words "sans" means "without." it is a french word that is often used in english even today. so he is saying that in the last age of a man, the man is without eyes, taste, or anything else. he also says that this is the "last stage of all" and that it is the stage that ends a man's "history."

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