Step 1: read john winthrop’s “a model of christian charity.”
step 2: listen to the speeches from kennedy and reagan and pay careful attention to how they make use of the “city upon a hill” phrase. puritan leader john winthrop’s description of american as a “city upon a hill” contributed to the idea of american exceptionalism. the phrase has been recycled by a number of politicians, most notably john f. kennedy and ronald reagan.
(click here to view former president john f. kennedy’s speech) (click here to view former president ronald reagan’s speech)
step 3: based on the speeches of each, how do you think they interpret the phrase “city upon a hill? ” are their interpretations similar to or different from winthrop’s interpretation? consider also that kennedy used the phrase when entering office and reagan used the phrase as a farewell when leaving office.

What is the effect of narrator's word choice on the tone of this passage? the words "my heart shrank within itself" create a fearful tone. the words "wounded his fellow" develop a remorseful tone. the words "struck harsh upon my ears" suggest an irritated tone. the words "better-omened" set a hopeful tone. excerpt from "the cabuliwallah" by rabindranath tagore i was sitting in my study, looking through the accounts, when some one entered, saluting respectfully, and stood before me. it was rahmun the cabuliwallah. at first i did not recognise him. he had no bag, nor the long hair, nor the same vigour that he used to have. but he smiled, and i knew him again. "when did you come, rahmun? " i asked him. "last evening," he said, "i was released from jail." the words struck harsh upon my ears. i had never before talked with one who had wounded his fellow, and my heart shrank within itself when i realised this; for i felt that the day would have been better-omened had he not turned up.

Identify how chekhov’s background and beliefs may have influenced his short story “the bet”.

What did mark twain contribute to the history of the novel? select all that apply.