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read the passage.

ida tarbell's exposé of the john d. rockefeller oil company revealed that the company had been rigging oil prices and using illegal business practices to cripple competition. tarbell's work sparked public outrage and gave birth to "muckraking" (journalists who investigated and attacked leaders and institutions that appeared to be corrupt).

excerpt from the history of the standard oil company by ida tarbell

read this sentence from the excerpt:

many of the pittsburgh refiners made a valiant fight to get rates on their oil which would enable them to run independently.

how does the language of this sentence affect its tone?

a) the explicit mention of pittsburgh injects a tone of local pride.

b) the phrase "enable them to run independently" creates a tone of anxiety or worry about the smaller companies.

c) the phrase "rates on their oil" reinforces the passage's businesslike tone.

d) the words "valiant fight" create an admiring tone.