To what does this description refer? the theories here are linked directly to artistic expression—and though literature may represent the real world and directly influence its readers, ultimately it is all about the artistic mind and process.
a.
mimetic theories
b.
pragmatic orientation
c.
expressive orientation
d.
objective orientation

right angles are formed by perpendicular lines. if the lines would extend, to make two intersecting lines, they would form four right angles.

onto a large boat, and mark the water level that the boat sinks to. then, take the elephant out and put a bunch of marked weights onto the boat until it reaches the same water level. add up the masses of the weights to get the weight of the elephant.

two factors or characteristics of a chapter that might make it difficult to read would be words i don't understand, or if i don't fully understand what's going on in the chapter. strategies i can use to get through the difficult material would be a dictionary, and re-reading previous chapters to get a better grasp of what the author is trying to say.