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for decades, bullying was viewed as a minor issue in schools. today, policymakers realize bullying causes major problems for those who endure it. first of all, bullying can result in physical harm, including bruises, wounds, and stress-related health problems. next, bullying can result in emotional damage. feelings of shame, anxiety, and depression are common results of bullying and can even lead to thoughts of suicide. bullying also damages school communities. it can lead to poor academic performance, high rates of absenteeism, and an increased risk of school violence.
the selection’s main pattern of organization is: (click on the pattern of organization.)
a. definition and example.
b. comparison.
c. contrast.
d. cause and effect.

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)