When reading, a reader can use a0 clues, a1 marks, italics, and a2 to determine whether or not a word is of a foreign origin.

Read this excerpt from holes. at the time, elya thought nothing of the curse. he was just a fifteen-year-old kid, and “eternity” didn’t seem much longer than a week from tuesday. besides, he liked madame zeroni and would be glad to carry her up the mountain. he would have done it right then and there, but he wasn’t yet strong enough. how does this section of the flashback relate to stanley? a.elya was much older during his difficult time than stanley was during his. b.elya’s physical weakness parallels stanley’s physical weakness. c.elya, like stanley, lives in the moment and does not consider the future. d.elya, like stanley, likes the character who is giving him a hard time.

Which pair of words has similar denotation but different connotations?

1. fallacy of logos "my favorite teacher said that we should vote for mr. martinez, so i believe he is the best." 2. fallacy of ethos "if we don't pass this environmental protection bill now, the world will probably end soon." 3. fallacy of pathos "the last time it rained, our local sports team won. it is raining today, so they will win tonight."