Read the excerpt from kant’s “what is enlightenment? ” and answer the question. those guardians who have kindly taken supervision upon themselves see to it that the overwhelming majority of mankind—among them the entire fair sex—should consider the step to maturity, not only as hard, but as extremely dangerous. first, these guardians make their domestic cattle stupid and carefully prevent the docile creatures from taking a single step without the leading-strings to which they have fastened them. then they show them the danger that would threaten them if they should try to walk by themselves. now this danger is really not very great; after stumbling a few times they would, at last, learn to walk. however, examples of such failures intimidate and generally discourage all further attempts. kant’s tone in this excerpt can best be described as critical and serious candid and formal and official scathing and sarcastic

Kant’s tone in this excerpt can best be described as "sardonic". critical and serious candid and helpful formal and official scathing and sarcastic

I think it is scathing and sarcastic.  

today we'd use social media to quickly spread a controversial idea, but in the eighteenth century, the printed pamphlet was highly effective. and thomas paine took full advantage of it. on january 9, 1776, when paine published his pamphlet, "common sense," he wanted to push the american people toward independence from britain. it ultimately ignite the american revolution. thomas paine argued that the monarchy was evil and should be rejected as a form of government. to underscore his point, he cited the bible to argue his case -- in judges 8: 22-23: "the israelites said to gideon, 'rule over us, you and your son and your ' gideon told them, 'i will not rule over you. the lord will rule over you'" (nrsv).

you have to write the essay, it counts as cheating if i do. so just use your brain; you're a smart kid. you can do it. : )

explanation:

nah. i'm good.