“the first great influx began early in the 19th century when large numbers of europeans left their homelands to escape the economic distress resulting from the transformation of industry but the factory system and the concurrent shift from small scale to large scale farming” in this passage the word concurrent means

it means existing in this passage

recent brain research has shown some surprising benefits as a result of formal musical training. learning to play a musical instrument appears to develop parts of the brain that can even influence academic results. the studies indicate that the earlier a child begins training, the more benefits there are. one such study showed that children who began musical studies before the age of seven had a more developed brain in the region where language production and auditory processing take place. scientists believe there is mounting evidence to show that early musical training can improve brain function.

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