Which sentence elements can be used as nouns or noun substitutes? select all that apply.
adjective
infinitive
gerund
noun clause
participle
adverb

The correct answers are infinitive, gerund, and noun clause.

1. infinitives:

To work is exhausting.

Here, the infinitive to work is used as a noun - it is the subject of this sentence.

2. gerunds:

Working is exhausting.

Here, the gerund working is used as a noun (gerunds are always used as nouns) - again, it is the subject of the sentence.

3. noun clause:

Whoever works hard will earn a lot of money.

Here, the noun clause whoever works hard is used as a noun, the subject of the sentence.

Adjectives have only adjectival meanings, adverbs have only adverbial meanings, and participles can have both.

explanation:

family is anyone that you care for and they equally care for you, family sticks together and everyone loves one another, whether they are blood or not anyone can be family. family composition is the makeup of a family, including the number of members, their ages, and their relationships to each other.

the guest is my guess