Escaping the pull of gravity and to travel at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes. which revision of the sentence uses parallel structure?

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Read this sentence:

Escaping the pull of gravity and to travel at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes.

Which revision of the sentence uses parallel structure?

A. Escaping the pull of gravity and traveling at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes.

B. Escaping the pulling of gravity and to travel at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes.

C. Escaping the pull of gravity and to travel at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passing.

D. Escaping the pull of gravity and to travel at high speeds both affected the rate at which time passes.

The revision that uses parallel structure is:

A. Escaping the pull of gravity and traveling at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes.

Explanation:

Parallel structures are used to create consistency in a series of words or phrases. It is the repetition of a certain grammatical structures inside a sentence with the purpose of avoiding confusion, making the speech clear, interesting, and easy to understand.

In the original sentence "Escaping the pull of gravity and to travel at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes," the lack of parallelism happens in "escaping" and "to travel". Both structures have similar functions inside the sentence and are very close to each other. The best thing to do would be maintaining the same grammatical structure for both. Since the first one uses -ing, we can simply apply it to the second one, instead of using to + base form of the verb. Therefore:

A. Escaping the pull of gravity and traveling at high speeds both affect the rate at which time passes.

what excerpt?

explanation:

1. read the following excerpt from franklin d. roosevelt's "fireside chat 19":

on the other side of the picture, we must learn also to know that guerilla warfare against the germans in, let us say serbia or norway, us; that a successful russian offensive against the germans us; and that british successes on land or sea in any part of the world strengthen our hands.

remember always that germany and italy, regardless of any formal declaration of war, consider themselves at war with the united states at this moment just as much as they consider themselves at war with britain or russia. and germany puts all the other republics of the americas into the same category of enemies. the people of our sister republics of this hemisphere can be honored by that fact.  

the true goal we seek is far above and beyond the ugly field of battle. when we resort to force, as now we must, we are determined that this force shall be directed toward ultimate good as well as against immediate evil. we americans are not destroyers — we are builders.

analyze the effectiveness of this excerpt. how does it function within the speech as a whole? how does the structure of the excerpt to convey the speech's purpose and key points? support your argument with evidence from the speech. (10 points)